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Emergency Communications

In emergency situations, communication is critical. Whether you're facing a natural disaster, a widespread power outage, or another emergency where the cell network drops offline, knowing which communication devices and methods to use can make all the difference. There’s a common misconception that handheld radios, such as GMRS (General Mobile Radio Service) or even basic HAM radios, can be used to communicate over hundreds of miles. In reality, the effectiveness of these devices depends heavily on various factors like terrain, power output, and the type of equipment used. Let’s explore the options available and their strengths and limitations when modern cell networks are down.



1. Cell Phones with Emergency Apps


Even though we're discussing scenarios where the cellular network fails, it's worth noting that some emergency apps allow communication between phones via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi without a cellular connection. For instance, apps like Zello or Bridgefy can enable short-range communication if your devices are close enough (within a few hundred feet). This could be useful in localized areas like neighborhoods or small communities.


However, without an active cellular network or internet connection, these apps are of limited use over long distances.


2. GMRS Radios


GMRS radios are a popular choice for emergency communication within families or small groups. These handheld radios can transmit over distances of 1-5 miles under typical conditions, and up to 20 miles if you're in ideal terrain (flat, open areas without obstacles). However, many people mistakenly believe these radios can reach much farther.


Use Case: GMRS is useful for coordinating among family members, friends, or community groups in local areas, such as neighborhoods or small towns.


Limitations: Obstacles like buildings, hills, or forests can significantly reduce their range. You’ll need a GMRS license from the FCC to use the full power range, but no test is required.


The Prep Community's Pick for GMRS Radios:


3. FRS Radios


Family Radio Service (FRS) radios are similar to GMRS but have lower power output and don’t require a license. These are ideal for very short-range communication (1-2 miles at best) and are often used by families during outings or when camping.


Use Case: Simple, reliable communication over short distances, ideal for families or groups staying close together.


Limitations: Limited range, especially in challenging environments like mountainous or urban areas.



The Prep Community's Pick for FRS Radios:


4. HAM Radios (Handheld and Home Stations)


HAM radios offer a wide variety of options for communication, depending on the equipment you have. For emergencies, there are two primary categories to consider: handheld HAM radios (often called “HTs”) and home-based stations.


Handheld HAM Radios (HTs): These are portable devices capable of transmitting over VHF (Very High Frequency) and UHF (Ultra High Frequency) bands. Depending on the power and terrain, handheld HAM radios can transmit anywhere from 2-10 miles, although some users report greater distances using repeaters. Repeaters are towers that relay radio signals, and in many cases, they can significantly extend the range of your communications.


Home HAM Stations: With a more powerful HAM radio base station and a good antenna setup, it's possible to communicate over much longer distances, including hundreds or even thousands of miles in some cases (when using HF, or High Frequency, bands). These stations can be a lifeline in disaster scenarios where long-distance communication is required.


Use Case: HAM radios, particularly home stations, are ideal for long-distance communication when cell service is unavailable. Handheld HAM radios are useful for communication in your local area or between nearby towns, especially when repeaters are accessible.


Limitations: HAM radios require a license, and the range of handheld HAM devices is not as long as some expect unless repeaters are involved. To reach great distances with HAM radios, you need to use a home station or a mobile HAM setup with a high-powered transmitter and a well-placed antenna.


The Prep Community's Picks for HAM Radios:

Handheld

Base station


5. Satellite Phones


Satellite phones provide reliable communication in areas where no cell towers exist or during major disasters that disable ground-based communication networks. Because satellite phones communicate directly with satellites orbiting the Earth, they aren’t affected by downed cellular towers or power outages.


Use Case: Satellite phones are excellent for long-range communication when all other methods are unavailable, especially in remote areas or during widespread disasters.


Limitations: Satellite phones tend to be expensive, both in terms of hardware and usage fees. Additionally, signal availability can be spotty in areas with dense tree cover or tall buildings.


The Prep Community's Pick for Satellite Phones:


6. Mesh Networks


Mesh networks are a relatively new option for emergency communication. Devices like goTenna allow users to send text messages and GPS coordinates via a mesh network. Each device in the network acts as a relay point, extending the range of communication. In essence, the more people using these devices, the farther your communication can go.


Use Case: This is an excellent option for communities or groups that need to coordinate in an emergency. Mesh networks can cover larger areas as more users join the network.


Limitations: Like GMRS and FRS radios, mesh networks rely on line-of-sight and proximity. Without enough devices in the network, their range is limited.


The Prep Community's Picks for Mesh Networks:

LoRa


7. CB Radios


Citizens Band (CB) radios offer another option for local communication, primarily used in vehicles. These radios operate on lower frequencies than GMRS or HAM radios, which can give them a longer range in some conditions (5-20 miles).


Use Case: CB radios are commonly used by truckers and off-roaders, making them helpful for vehicle-based communication during an emergency.


Limitations: They require large antennas to maximize range and are subject to interference, reducing clarity and effectiveness in some environments.


The Prep Community's Picks for CB Radios:


Conclusion: Which Device Should You Use?


In an emergency situation where the cellular network is offline, your communication options depend on your specific needs and the available equipment.


For local communication, GMRS or handheld HAM radios are your best bet.


To reach longer distances, consider a home-based HAM radio station or a satellite phone.


If you're part of a larger community, mesh networks or CB radios can keep you connected locally, while satellite phones provide coverage no matter the distance.



Remember, each device has its strengths and weaknesses, and it’s crucial to be aware of their limitations to avoid common misconceptions. Always have backup plans and consider learning how to properly use HAM radios or obtain the necessary licenses before a crisis strikes. In emergencies, being prepared is key, and understanding your communication tools will help you stay connected when it matters most.

 
 
 

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